你知道多动症儿童可能共患抑郁症吗为什么（你知道多动症儿童可能共患抑郁症吗英语）

艺人乔任梁的意外死亡导致大众关注到一种常见的情绪障碍-抑郁症。但其实，不但成人会有抑郁症，儿童抑郁症的发生也并不鲜见。尤其是患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（俗称多动症、ADHD）的儿童，很多会共患抑郁症。

孩子心理健康是每一个父母最担心的问题，只要孩子稍微有些情绪的波动，父母就会担心自己的孩子是否有心理问题？这就是需要父母系统学习了解各年龄阶段孩子的身心发展特点，如何帮孩子消除焦虑的情绪，帮孩子做好心理营养，心理建设等，左养右学教育赖颂强老师在直播课里都有系统讲解，想学习的家长联系我们。

美国著名关注儿童多动症和学习障碍的专业网站Understood，由Peg Rosen撰写的一篇专业文章，就详细介绍了ADHD和抑郁症之间的关系。

如果你发现患有ADHD的孩子，有抑郁症的表现，其实这是很常见的现象。根据一个长期跟踪随访研究发现，40%的ADHD儿童在与抑郁症抗争。研究人员发现ADHD和抑郁症之间有很多重叠部分。被诊断为患ADHD的孩子，患抑郁症的风险更高；被诊断为患抑郁症的孩子，患ADHD的风险也更高；这里介绍一些就关于ADHD和抑郁症你需要知道的，还有如何帮助你的孩子。

If you think your child with ADHD (also known as ADD) might be showing signs of depression, you’re not alone. A lot of kids with ADHD—about 40 percent, according to one long-term study—struggle with depression at some point.Researchers know a lot about the overlap between ADHD and depression.Kids diagnosed with ADHD are at a higher risk for depression. And kids diagnosed with depression are at a higher risk for ADHD.Here’s what you need to know about ADHD and depression—and how you can help your child.

ADHD 儿童患有抑郁症的征兆

有ADHD的孩子表现的抑郁症症状与所有儿童抑郁症类似。

症状可能包括:

·感觉情绪低落

·对最喜爱的活动失去兴趣

·逃避与朋友交往

·睡眠和饮食习惯的变化

·成绩下降

·不做作业或不上学

·谈论到自己感觉绝望,无助或有自杀念头

Depression in kids with ADHD canlook like depressionin any young person. Symptoms might includ-e:

· Feeling very “down” (or what doctors call a “low mood”)

· Losing interest in favorite activities

· Withdrawing from friends

· Changes in sleep and eating patterns

· Falling grades

· Not doing homework or attending school

· Talking about feeling hopeless, helpless or suicidal

抑郁也可以加重ADHD相关行为问题：

·更加多动。他们可能在课堂上表现出特别地破坏性行为； 他们可能破坏东西,打人或肆意毁坏物品； 易怒-经常因为一点小事儿就大发雷霆；

·似乎特别容易分心。他们可能更容易因为自己低落的情绪或头脑里的想法分心；

·变得极其不堪重负和混乱；多动症严重到使生活无法正常进行。

·要求停止用药。有些孩子可能会把自己低落的情绪错误地归咎于他们服用的多动症药物。他们甚至可能偷偷停止服药。

·自我治疗。患有ADHD的青少年，当感到抑郁时，可能会依靠毒品或酒精改善他们的情绪。

Depression can also amp up behaviors associated with ADHD. For example, kids with ADHD who are depressed may start to:

· Act out more.They may be unusually disruptive in class. They may break things, hit people or vandalize property. Irritability—snapping at people or blowing up over small issues—is also common.

· Seem particularly inattentive. They may be even more distracted by their low mood or by what’s going on in their head.

· Become extremely overwhelmed and disorganized.ADHD already makes it hard to stay on track. When kids with ADHD are depressed, life can seem utterly unmanageable and hopeless.

· Talk about wanting “off” of their meds.Some kids may mistakenly blame their low mood on their ADHD medication. They may even secretly stop taking it, thinking they will feel better.

· Self-medicate.Tweens or teens with ADHD who are feeling depressed may try to improve their mood by using drugs or alcohol.

ADHD与自杀

许多青少年有自杀的念头，但很少会真正采取行动。但如果ADHD儿童患有抑郁，父母需要特别警惕。这是因为患有ADHD的孩子比其他孩子更容易冲动。患有ADHD的孩子更有可能在情绪低落或绝望，采取冲动行动。他们可能不会退一步,从长远的角度思考问题。

2010年的一项研究发现,被诊断患有ADHD的青少年自杀的可能性是同龄人的两倍。这就是为什么患有ADHD的孩子的父母必须认真对待孩子任何一次关于失望,绝望或自杀的谈话，并马上采取行动寻求帮助。如果你担心你的孩子可能会想伤害自己,不要让他一个人呆着。请马上联系你孩子的医生或专业心理人士。

ADHD and Suicide

Many teens have suicidal thoughts. It’s rare for teens to act on these thoughts. But parents of depressed kids with ADHD need to be especially vigilant.That’s because kids with ADHDare more impulsive than kids who don’t have ADHD. Kids with ADHD may be more likely to act “in the moment” when they are feeling down or hopeless. They may not be able to step back and see the bigger picture.

A 2010 study found that teens who were diagnosed at a young age with ADHD were twice as likely to make a suicide attempt than peers who did not have ADHD. That’s why parents of kids with ADHD must take any talk of hopelessness, despair or suicide very seriously and take immediate steps to find help.If you’re worried your child may be thinking about harming himself, don’t leave him alone. Call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255 or call your child’s doctor or mental health professio-nal.

处理方法

你的作用对于识别抑郁表现非常重要。如果你怀疑你ADHD的孩子有抑郁表现有许多你能做。

方法如下:

• 关注孩子情绪和行为的变化。注意孩子饮食和睡眠模式的改变。把你所看到的记下来。笔记可以帮助你和孩子的医生确定孩子胃口的变化是由于ADHD药物还是抑郁所引起的。
• 跟孩子的老师谈一谈。他们认为孩子比以往注意力更分散，行为更多动吗？？他们会认为孩子似乎很伤心，或总是感到累，或不愿意与他人交流吗?他的成绩下降吗?如果有这些现象，都应该及时会见你孩子的辅助老师或学校的心理咨询师。
• 寻求医疗帮助和咨询服务。你孩子的儿科医生是采取行动的很好的开端，或与学校心理咨询师聊一聊。研究表明认知行为治疗——一种有目的的咨询和有针对性地问题解决-对儿童特别有效。
• 留心观察孩子焦虑表现。抑郁往往与焦虑同时发生。所以也要小心焦虑的征兆。药物和心理咨询可以缓解焦虑.
• 在家里为孩子提供支持。家里尽量提供稳定的日程安排，想出更多办法帮助孩子解决问题。
• 出去走走。当你感觉真的很消沉,你会很难起床或者不让自己窝在沙发上。那么，试着在无关紧要的家务事和家务活中挤出时间。一起去散散步,共进午餐,或是去看场电影。

How you can help

Your role is key when it comes to recognizing depressed behavior.If you suspect your child with ADHD has depression, there’s a lot you can do to help.

Here’s how:

• Pay attention to changes in your child’s mood and behavior.

  Look for changes in eating and sleeping patterns.Take notes on what you’re seeing.Your notes can help you and your child’s doctor figure out whether changes in appetite are due to ADHD medication or to depression.

• Talk to your child’s teachers. Do they think he’s been less attentive or acting out more than usual?Are they saying that he seems sad or tired all the time or is not interacting with others?Are his grades falling?These kinds of comments are good reasons to request a meeting with your child’s resource teacher or the school psychologist.
• Seek medical help and counseling.Your child’s pediatrician is a good first step.Or speak with the psychologist at school.Research suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy—a type of counseling that is goal-oriented and focused on problem solving—is particularly effective for kids with ADHD.
• Be on the lookout for anxiety.Depression often goes hand in hand with anxiety. So watch for signs of that, too. As with ADHD and depression, medication and talk therapy can help with anxiety.
• Provide structure and support at home.Bring structure to his day and brainstorm ways you can help him with certain tasks.
• Go outside together.When you’re feeling really down, it can be hard to get out of bed or off the couch. Try to carve out time for things that don’t involve chores or homework. Offer to go for a walk, grab lunch together, or head out to a movie.

有了恰当的关爱和支持,共患ADHD和抑郁的孩子可以应付这些情况，继续茁壮成长。作为看护者照看一个有多样问题的孩子是有压力的，所以记得要照顾好自己，加入能提供支持的团体是一个很大的帮助。

With the right care and support, kids with ADHD and depression can manage these conditions and continue to thrive. Being the caregiver for a child with multiple issues can be stressful, so remember to take care of yourself too. Finding an online community or joining a local support group can be a big help.